2 Way First Order Speaker Crossover Calculator

A crossover network is an electrical filter, which separates the audio frequency spectrum into multiple bands so that a speaker with dedicated frequency range can drive the appropriate band. A filter simply ensures that the operation of each speaker falls within the correct frequency range determined by the manufacturer. It usually uses coils and capacitors in the network to separate low frequency audio to a woofer speaker, and high frequency audio to a tweeter. A 2-way system, which is one of the most common, divides the audio spectrum into two bands, whilst a 3-way system divides it into three bands. In a three-way system, the midrange frequencies go to a midrange speaker. The crossover frequency is the point where the band response divides. Filter networks usually have a rate of attenuation (roll-off) expressed in decibels per octave. Basic networks found in budget systems are usually 6 dB per octave, and adequate for basic audio reproduction.

For the design of a good network, engineers usually begin with the frequency range specifications of the loudspeakers. They are usually interested in operating the speaker in the frequency range where the output is the greatest without distortion. We then design a crossover filter that divides a part of the audio spectrum over that specific range for that speaker.

For the construction of a crossover network, we usually use non-polarised capacitors. The inductor is usually wound utilising 18-gauge wire to minimize the resistance it poses. Therefore, a meter to measure resistance and inductance are vital for this type of project.

In a 2-way system, we divide the audio spectrum into two parts, where the woofer takes care of the lower frequencies and the tweeter takes care of the higher ones. Tweeters usually begin operating from 4000 Hz onwards and therefore we may choose to use this as the crossover frequency where the two frequency bands separate. However to be more precise, you might want to check the specifications of the actual speaker you have to find its frequency range.

Calculator

Rw is the resistance of the woofer, and Rt is the resistance of the tweeter. F is the required crossover frequency.

This Article Continues...